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integrated with 33 pieces clustered by type (stories/essays/miscellany),
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Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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---
title: useState Dispatch updaters for State That Depends on Current Value
impact: MEDIUM
impactDescription: avoids stale closures, prevents unnecessary re-renders
tags: state, hooks, useState, callbacks
---
## Use Dispatch Updaters for State That Depends on Current Value
When the next state depends on the current state, use a dispatch updater
(`setState(prev => ...)`) instead of reading the state variable directly in a
callback. This avoids stale closures and ensures you're comparing against the
latest value.
**Incorrect (reads state directly):**
```tsx
const [size, setSize] = useState<Size | undefined>(undefined)
const onLayout = (e: LayoutChangeEvent) => {
const { width, height } = e.nativeEvent.layout
// size may be stale in this closure
if (size?.width !== width || size?.height !== height) {
setSize({ width, height })
}
}
```
**Correct (dispatch updater):**
```tsx
const [size, setSize] = useState<Size | undefined>(undefined)
const onLayout = (e: LayoutChangeEvent) => {
const { width, height } = e.nativeEvent.layout
setSize((prev) => {
if (prev?.width === width && prev?.height === height) return prev
return { width, height }
})
}
```
Returning the previous value from the updater skips the re-render.
For primitive states, you don't need to compare values before firing a
re-render.
**Incorrect (unnecessary comparison for primitive state):**
```tsx
const [size, setSize] = useState<Size | undefined>(undefined)
const onLayout = (e: LayoutChangeEvent) => {
const { width, height } = e.nativeEvent.layout
setSize((prev) => (prev === width ? prev : width))
}
```
**Correct (sets primitive state directly):**
```tsx
const [size, setSize] = useState<Size | undefined>(undefined)
const onLayout = (e: LayoutChangeEvent) => {
const { width, height } = e.nativeEvent.layout
setSize(width)
}
```
However, if the next state depends on the current state, you should still use a
dispatch updater.
**Incorrect (reads state directly from the callback):**
```tsx
const [count, setCount] = useState(0)
const onTap = () => {
setCount(count + 1)
}
```
**Correct (dispatch updater):**
```tsx
const [count, setCount] = useState(0)
const onTap = () => {
setCount((prev) => prev + 1)
}
```